安装 Docker

平台支持

Docker CE 支持多种平台，如下表所示

桌面

平台	架构
Docker Desktop for Mac (macOS)	X64
Docker Desktop for Windows (Microsoft Windows 10)	X64

服务器

平台	x86_64 / amd64	ARM	ARM64 / AARCH64	IBM Power (ppc64le)	IBM Z (s390x)
CentOS	✔		✔
Debian	✔	✔	✔
Fedora	✔		✔
Ubuntu	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔

准备安装

卸载旧版本

apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

使用 APT 安装

# 更新数据源
apt-get update
# 安装所需依赖
apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
# 安装 GPG 证书
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# 新增数据源
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
# 更新并安装 Docker CE
apt-get update && apt-get install -y docker-ce

验证安装是否成功

docker version

# 输出如下
Client:
 Version:           18.09.6
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        481bc77
 Built:             Sat May  4 02:35:57 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.6
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.8
  Git commit:       481bc77
  Built:            Sat May  4 01:59:36 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

配置 Docker 镜像加速器

阿里云加速器（推荐）

点击链接获取

官方提供中国区镜像

https://registry.docker-cn.com

配置加速器

以配置阿里云加速器为例，首先 登录阿里云（没有账号请先注册），搜索 容器镜像服务

找到你的专属加速器

通过修改 daemon 配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json 来使用加速器

tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

# 重启 Docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

验证配置是否成功

docker info

# 输出如下
Containers: 38
 Running: 18
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 20
Images: 10
Server Version: 18.09.6
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84
runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 apparmor
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.15.0-51-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.924GiB
Name: kubernetes-master
ID: PJ4H:7AF2:P5UT:6FMR:W4DI:SSWR:IQQR:J6QO:ARES:BOAC:ZVMO:SV2Y
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
## 这里是你配置的镜像加速器
Registry Mirrors:
 https://xxxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

WARNING: No swap limit support

运行第一个容器

我们以 Nginx 为例，体验 Docker 是如何运行容器的

# 下载镜像
docker pull nginx

# 运行容器
docker run --name nginx-container -p 80:80 -d nginx

浏览器输入虚拟机地址即可访问 Nginx